Is Proof Needed in Order for God to Exist - 2258 Words

Is Proof Needed in Order for God to Exist At some point in life every person may question the existence of god. This could happen for a number of reasons. For example when we see bad things that occur around the world we may lose our faith or wonder why does god allow these things to happen? As humans we all have a natural instinct to find answers to things that we ourselves cannot explain or understand. Philosophers have spent a great amount of time trying to prove or disapprove the existence of god, but do we really need proof that god exist? This is a tough question to answer because there are people that would say yes and people that would say no. I myself have never questioned the existence of god due to the fact that I feel like†¦show more content†¦All his premises support his conclusion, creating a valid and sound argument proving that God must exist. St. Anselm’s first form of the argument is that God is â€Å"that than which none greater can be conceived†. This means that no one can think of anything that is greater than God. The second idea is, it is greater to exist than not to exist. Next, St. Anselm describes two kinds of existence: existence in the mind, and existence in real. Existence in the reality is very easy to believe, if you can touch, see, smell, hear, or taste something, in reality it exists. Existence in mind is harder to understand for some, because many people only believe what they see. Finally, St. Anselm defined God as the greatest being possible. A being who fails to exist is less perfect than a being that exist. Therefore, God must exist, necessarily. If the greatest thing that we can conceive does not exist than we can still conceive the greatest thing that does exist, and that would be God. Philosophers, whether they are atheists, or believers have always been eager to discuss the existence of God. Some philosophers, such as St Anselm, and Rene Descartes, that formulated the ontological arguments attempt to prove God’s existence, believe that we have proven that God exist through our senses, logic, and experiences. â€Å"Ontological† literally means talking about being and so in this case, that being is the existence or being of God. Ontological arguments all have ways toShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Article On Being An Atheist 1290 Words   |  6 Pagesarguments are false and insufficient as it relates to â€Å"proof† of God’s existence. McCloskey believes that without proper proof, we must completely dismiss the idea of God’s existence. In his well-written article he offers a few reasons why he believes that atheism is a much more comfortable belief verses a belief in a God who allows the suffering of his people. He suggested tha t the problem of evil and the fact that evil exist, means that God could not exist. McCloskey urges that people should just help eachRead MoreThe Possibility of Proving the Existence of God Using Inductive and Deductive Arguments1222 Words   |  5 PagesThe Possibility of Proving the Existence of God Using Inductive and Deductive Arguments Many philosophers have attempted to prove the existence of God, although there is no argument as yet which proves without any doubt that God exists. A proof is the demonstration that something is true or, in this case, that God exists. There are 3 types of proof; direct, deductive, and inductive. A direct proof is when something is immediately obvious, so therefore, it cannot be usedRead MoreA Brief Look at Rene Descartes829 Words   |  3 PagesMethod and Meditations. Descartes discusses how there are two main proofs of God’s existence, the casual argument in meditation three and the ontological argument in meditation five. There are a few differences between these two meditations and one is more convincing of the other, but Descartes needed these two proofs to prove a certain point. Also, he shares in meditation four how human error is possible even though a perfect God created humans. Although, those are points that Descartes spent a lotRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article On Being An Atheist 1538 Words   |  7 Pagesarguments are false and insufficient as it relates to â€Å"proof† of God’s existence. McCloskey believes that without proper proof, we must completely dismiss the idea of God’s existence. In his well-written article he offers a few reasons why he believes that ath eism is a much more comfortable belief verses a belief in a God who allows the suffering of his people. He suggested that the problem of evil and the fact that evil exist, means that God could not exist. McCloskey urges that people should just help eachRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article On Being An Atheist By H. J. Gilman1664 Words   |  7 Pagesarguments as â€Å"proof† of God’s non-existence to support his atheism. He attacks arguments made by advocates on the existence of God. The arguments argued by Theist are not arguments for proof of God’s existence but are arguments for definitive beliefs of God’s existence. Any argument on proving the Almighty God’s existence is unsatisfactory. The Theist does not attempt to offer â€Å"proof† of God’s existence but rather offer arguments that are the best explanations of the existence of God. Merely observingRead MoreThe Question Of God s Existence1575 Words   |  7 Pagesquestioned Gods existence myself. Arguments that have been used to support the existence of a divine being includes; the cosmological argument and the theological argument. However, there are some who oppose these arguments and philosopher H.J. McCloskey is among this group. In the article â€Å"On Being an Atheist† written by H.J. McCloskey, he argues that both these arguments are false and insufficient as it relates to â€Å"proof† of God’s existence. McCloskey believes that without proper proof, we must completelyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article On Being An Atheist 1558 Words   |  7 Pagesare false and insufficient as it relates to â€Å"proof† of God’s existence. McCloskey believes that without proper proof, we must completely dismiss the idea of God’s existence. In his well-written article, he offers a few reasons why he believes that atheism is a much more comfortable belief versus, a belief in a God who allows the suffering of his people. He suggested that the problem of evil and the fact that evil exists meant that God could not exist. McCloskey urges that people should just helpRead MoreDescartes: Proofs of God/Deception and Error Essay1093 Words   |  5 PagesDescartes: Proofs of God/Deception and Error Instructions: First: Analyze and evaluate the two proofs of Gods existence. How are they different? Is one more convincing than the other? Why did Descartes think he needed two proofs? Do they do different work for him? And secondly: Does Descartes give a satisfactory account of human error, given a perfect and divine creator? Are Descartes arguments convincing, or does it still seem unnecessary and less than perfect that God created us withRead MoreThe Argument Of God s Existence1737 Words   |  7 PagesBEST EXPLANATION Does God exist? This question has been in debate for centuries with many opposing views, some arising from philosophers on the same side while others refute Gods existence altogether. However for this particular paper I will be taking the best explanations approach. What I mean by this is I do not have proof of God’s existence but the existence of God is the best explanation for the universe around me. With this statement in mind we will discuss arguments in support of God’s existenceRead MoreThe Question Of The Existence Of A Higher Power, Or A God1733 Words   |  7 Pagesor a god, has long plagued philosophers. Today, much of the intellectual community believe that a god does not, and cannot exist. Yet, for much of the world’s population there is a firm belief in a deity. McCloskey in his article â€Å"On Being an Atheist†, outlines the reasons he believes theists are wrong. As a result it is only natural for theists to examine his work and see if h is points truly defeat the idea of god’s existence. McCloskey begins by denying the idea that the existence of a god has been

Can A College Education Cut the Risk of Living in Poverty...

Can a college education cut the risk of living in poverty? Poverty has tremendously increased because The United States recently entered a recession in December 2007. The loss of jobs, health benefits and higher cost of living affected the nation and citizens struggling to avoid poverty. In such a competitive environment, a college education increases self-value and opportunity. America’s current depression tremendously affected the nation with the rise in poverty, unemployment, and loss of health care. Reducing the risk of becoming victims to poverty is the plan and an education serves as a positive resource for taking action. Pursuing an education is time-consuming, but it stabilizes his or her foundation. Certainly, everyone†¦show more content†¦Countless reasons make an education powerful during America’s current depression, including: †¢ Affording the higher cost of living †¢ Expand personal and professional networking skills †¢ Personalize and adds value to an individual by standing out †¢ Creates and expand opportunities for avoiding a crisis. †¢ Higher salary and attract employers †¢ Acquiring respect of employer Poverty refers to poor conditions, lack of means of providing when necessary, and unproductive. Multiple poor conditions vary from many amounts of: †¢ Natural disasters caused by Tornadoes, Hurricanes, Floods, Wild fires, Earthquakes, etc. †¢ Warfare caused by human destruction to an infrastructure. †¢ A lack of education and requirements is necessary to acquire goals. †¢ Crime caused by robberies, drugs, homicides, rape, etc. Understandably, an education does not end poverty, but cuts it, some people question why? Not everything linked to poverty is preventable when some natural disasters are unstoppable, such as the cause of Hurricane Katrina that struck many cities in Louisiana the year of 2005. The ability to cut crime is possible, but people will always attempt to corrupt society and innocent citizens who work hard to make their living. Crime exists nationwide in seek of fast money and supporting families, but nothing worth acquiring exist in a speedy way. Everyone agrees achieving goals is time-consuming; â€Å"however, living theShow MoreRelatedThe Common Core Places On Standardized Testing1634 Words   |  7 Pageshappens to be even more alarming when you realize that countless children in poverty worry about more than what they happen to be learning in school. Another way teachers try increase scores on standardized tests is by sho wing a â€Å"tolerance of drop outs and the promotion of push outs to get rid of the least academically talented students† (Berliner 254), as we have already discussed high school drop-outs have a higher poverty rate. With unqualified teachers becoming more prevalent and the latest implementationRead MoreWhy College Tuition in America Should Be Lowered1496 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Why College Tuition Should be Lowered By Sarah Claymiller What could you do with $14,000? Well, you could buy 4,000 Whoppers with that money. You could also buy 35 IPads, and 4 80 inch flat screen TVs. Or, instead of those things, you could buy yourself one year’s worth of college tuition. Does it seem a little unusual that only one year of tuition costs that much? It might be if you live outside of America; the United States is one of the biggest spenders on secondary education compared to otherRead MorePoverty Can Be Defined As The State Of Being Poor1493 Words   |  6 PagesAngel Rosales Professor Nkosi Sociology 2 December 2015 Poverty in America Poverty can be defined as the state of being poor which refers to the deprivation or insufficiency of basic needs which include food, water, shelter, clothing, and education. In America, poverty affects millions of people with a poverty rate of almost 15%. Poverty is an important social problem to address because it affects everyone in a society either directly or indirectly. Those that are affected directly are about 47Read MoreThe Poverty Of The United States1486 Words   |  6 Pagesnations in the world with having a high inequality than other industrialized countries. Inequality exists in income, wealth, power and education. People who are legally and socially poor in the United States tend to stay in a cycle through life, not always by choice, but because they are given less opportunities, education and tools to achieve their success. The poverty stricken class has a significantly larger income gap than the upper class, the American Dream is weakened through opportunity and is Read MorePoverty And How People With Poverty Suffer Real Psychological Issues870 Words   |  4 PagesAs a college student pursuing a career, I found it interesting to research the topic of poverty and how people with poverty suffer real psychological issues. Psychology class made me think about problems in a different perspective. Poverty is a serious societal problem that people struggle with everyday with out knowing how much of a psychological toll it takes on these people. It only gets harder as they dig themselves a hole they cannot climb out of. Although some social, economic, and politicalRead MoreWhy Canada Is A Social Policy Perspective1079 Words   |  5 Pagesbe one of the most developed countries in the world, with a wide range of social programs that contribute to a high-standard of living. As with many mixed economies, Canada could be described as a welfare society , meaning that the government plays a major role in ensuring the well-being of its citizens. This comes in the form of free healthcare, access to education, employment insurance and various other social programs. Despite Canada s record of being a fiscally balanced and responsible nationRead MoreThe Impacts Of Poverty And Education1835 Words   |  8 PagesThe impacts of poverty on children are wide-reaching and can prompt long-term life struggles, particularly when young people don’t receive a good education. Poverty and education are inseparably connected, on the grounds that people living in poverty may quit school, so they can work instead, which leaves them with a lack of literacy and numeracy skills, which then causes them to not be able to advance in their careers. Their children, thusly are brought up in a comparable circumstance years laterRead MoreTaking a Look at Gun Control1226 Words   |  5 Pagesloopholes for corporations. Providing tax cuts to small businesses and investing in a clean-energy economy, while putting Americans to work will rebuild our infra structure. I would start by providing stimulus for the economy by giving everyone money to spend. When everyone gets the money back, they will simply spend it on products that will put the money back into the economy and jump start the economy and production. I am against waivers for private colleges because it does not work for the less fortunateRead MoreThe Social Causes Of Poverty1780 Words   |  8 PagesSOCIAL CAUSES OF POVERTY USING SOCIOLOGICAL IMAGINATION By Anya’ Burnett Soc 101 I01 Midlands Technical College (MTC) 03-03-2017 Abstract This review is formulated with scholarly sources and references based off of poverty in America. This disclosure is approached with a value free sociological approach, and it will give insight on the social causes of poverty and the effects it has on America. Poverty is a very controversial topic. Many will assume that people living in poverty are lazy, madeRead More United States Tax Policy Essay1675 Words   |  7 Pagesproven to be a necessary component of a growing economy as means of generating revenue for the federal budget. The federal budget funds the many government programs implemented to keep the disabled, elderly, and unemployed from falling bellow the poverty level. Unfortunately, this fund is not always available when catastrophic evens, such as an economic recession, deplete the revenue coming in and create a budget deficit. In order to regenerate money coming in and replace the deficit, the government

Schools Like Crispus Attacks Are Not More Disadvantaged

In the United States, there has been a long debate over whether or not students without means are more disadvantaged in life than those that do have the means. This has historically been a very conflicting topic when it comes to the data that has been gathered. This is because of a variety of different factors that have been studied to try and explain the phenomenon. After volunteering with the pantry and the distribution center, I feel that there is something to be said when coming from a place of means. When comparing the different schools here in Indianapolis it can be seen that schools like Crispus Attacks are typically African American while schools like Avon or Carmel are predominantly Caucasian. Now looking at the neighborhoods, Where Avon and Carmel are located are some of the most affluent neighborhoods in the city as well as some of the safest in the state. Some of the studies as discussed in the education section of â€Å"You May Ask Yourself† state that it is not necessarily the schools themselves, but other factors that influence them. This can be seen in the examples of Carmel and Crispus Attucks. The kids at Carmel typically come from families that have more means than those at Crispus Attucks. This allows them to have more access to summer programs that allow them to retain their knowledge and even get more ahead in preparation for the next year. However, people at Crispus Attucks may not have the means to go to such programs in the summer and may fall behind.

The Tuesdays With Morrie And King Lear - 2092 Words

It takes countless decades and mistakes to acquire enough experience, knowledge, and good judgement to be considered a wise individual – a person everyone looks up to, and asks for advice. Wisdom is understanding and seeing the truth in life. It is the capability to recognize the aspects of life that are truly important and distinguishing them from the aspects that are essentially useless. Many authors incorporate one or more characters within their novels that possess the characteristics of a wise individual. In both Tuesdays with Morrie by Mitch Albom and King Lear by William Shakespeare, the protagonists Morrie and Lear are able to acquire wisdom after undergoing hardships and tribulations. Morrie is undeniably wiser than Lear as shown through his view of society, family, and his philosophies revolving around forgiveness and suffering. By analyzing the two characters, it is evident that Morrie is wiser than King Lear in terms of his concern for society as a whole and his ab ility to adhere to his own self-created culture. Morrie expresses his concern for society through his Nightline interviews with Ted Koppel where he gets the chance to reach out to millions. Toward the end of Morrie’s interview, he is asked to share his final thoughts on society, â€Å"Be compassionate . . . and take responsibility for each other. If we only learned those lessons, this world would be so much a better place† (Albom 163). Here, Morrie emphasizes the idea that taking good care of each other isShow MoreRelatedKing Lear And Tuesdays With Morrie1507 Words   |  7 Pagesassociated mutually with the elderly people. In both texts, King Lear by William Shakespeare and Tuesdays with Morrie by Mitch Albom, one of the main characters in both texts, King Lear and Morrie Schwartz, were experienced to develop intelligence afterwards undergoing suffering and troubles. However, both these men began their investigations in different ways. Morrie infinitely emphasized th e worth of community and comfort, meanwhile King Lear drill these as light as a feather pursuits which nothingRead MoreShakespeares King Lear vs. Tuesdays with Morrie1495 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Existentialism was in part a reaction to modernism, but its roots can be traced to ancient philosophical traditions ranging from Zoroastrianism and Judaism, Buddhism and Platonism (Flynn). The essence of existentialism is authenticity of experience, asking the philosopher to undergo deep introspection. However, existentialism is perhaps most famous for its probing questions about what Friedrich Nietzsche called the tension of the soul, (2). Known colloquially as existential angst, the tensionRead MoreComparing Shakespeares King Lear with Mitch Alboms Tuesdays with Morrie1066 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeares King Lear versus Tuesdays with Morrie William Shakespeares King Lear is a tragedy of a king who is unable to comprehend the truth of the human condition until he is stripped of his kingdom, family, and the basic components of human dignity. At the end of his existence, even the one person who he loved, his daughter Cordelia, is taken away. Similarly, Morrie Schwartz in the popular nonfiction book Tuesdays with Morrie does not fully come to terms with himself and what is valuable inRead MoreWisdom in King Lear by William Shakespeare and Tuesdays with Morrie by Mitch Albom1174 Words   |  5 Pagesboth King Lear by William Shakespeare and Tuesdays with Morrie by Mitch Albom, the protagonists were able to acquire wisdom after undergoing trials and tribulations. However, both these men began their quest as completely different people, polar opposites even. Morrie always emphasized the value of family and love, while King Lear saw these as trivial pursuits which at best can be used to elevate his ego. Morrie was disappointe d by the way things were in his society, while initially King Lear didRead MoreComparison: Tuesdays With Morrie, by Mitch Albom King Lear, by William Shakespeare1228 Words   |  5 Pagesmost of their time on earth. In Tuesdays With Morrie by Mitch Albom, the lead character Morrie Schwartz was diagnosed with the fatal disease Lou Gerrig’s Disease, also know as ALS. Although many people would fall into a deep pit of self loathing and regret, Morrie Schwartz took the opportunity to teach people about life and love. He surrounded himself with friends, and loved-ones in his final days. Contrary to Morrie’s attitude, Lear, in William Shakespeares King Lear, treats death as a negative thingRead MoreWisdom of Realization1746 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough suffering. In Shakespeare’s â€Å"King Lear† and Mitch Albom’s â€Å"Tuesdays with Morrie†, we see that both main characters Morrie Schwartz and King Lear gain wisdom through realizations of cer tain aspects of life and through their own personal sufferings. Both Morrie and Lear gain wisdom firstly through suffering. Morrie gains wisdom through suffering physically from ALS and having to come to terms that he is no longer independent and never will be. While Lear must suffer through the fact that perhaps

EntrepreneurshipDevelopment and Growth of Katie Page Free Sample

Question: Discuss about theEntrepreneurshipfor Development and Growth of Katie Page. Answer: Introduction This essay presents the History, development, and growth of Katie Page entrepreneur that made her successful. It also discusses the role of family and socio-cultural background in the development of entrepreneurial passion of Katie Page. It also defines the types of business that is developed by Katie page and also defines the competitive advantages of the business as compared to other entrepreneurs. This essay also describes the future suggestion for the Katie Page including different types of business and avenues. History, Development, and Growth of Katie Page Katie page was born on 1956 in the Australia. She has three sisters. Further, father of Katie Page is bank manager hence her family relocated around every four years. Katie grew up in St George that is located in Rockhampton, and Brisbane. And, she is graduated from Brisbane State High School in 1973. At the time, she has planned to become a surveyor. But, she was discouraged by the low pay obtainable for women (Bruce, 2012). When Katie Page was 19 years, she has participated in the intelligence test in order to increase the funds for children with autism. Gerry Harvey, who is a panel of judge, has offered the assistant position to Katie page for his new Harvey Norman store. After that, Page joined the business and deals in ad buying, marketing, and publicity for the company. She has also helped to horses of Harvey group. In 1988, Katie page got married to Harvey. Moreover, Harvey Norman was established in 1982 by Harvey and Ian Norman (partner of Harvey). Katie page has joined the first store as an assistant in 1983. But, in 1999, she became CEO of Harvey Norman. In this company, Garry Harvey is executive chairman. After becoming the CEO, Katie Page has expanded their business into New Zealand in 1996, Singapore in 2000, Malaysia, Ireland and Slovenia in 2003. Further, she has started online marketing in 2001. In 2014, Katie Page base salary was AUD$2.07 million (Faul, 2016). In 2015, she has the fourth position in the Australian business reviews list. In this review, 50 powerful businesswomen were also listed. She is also a sponsor of a number of professional sports and active supporter of women in sports. In 2015, she operates 277 stores of Harvey Norman in 8 countries. Its revenue was $4.9 billion and a net profit of $165 million in 2015. Katie Page is energetic because she is a champion of a number of professional sports. In 2004, she was the first woman who is to be selected on the board of the National Rugby League. In 2005, she initiated the women of National Rugby League. For the 2013 Jeep Magic Millions 2YO Classic, Katie Page has publicized a special prize of $500,000. Because, in this competition, first, four horses has passed the post that was possed by women (Chief Executive Women, 2016). In 2014 and 2015, she has awarded for Racing Womens incentive bonus. She has also selected for the ambassador of Zara Philips in order to promote the Racing Women. After that, she has announced that her company will sponsor the all female and team of Muslim Australian Football League. Role of Katie Pages family and Socio-Cultural Background in the Development of their Entrepreneurial Passion Katie Page had a delightful barefoot childhood. She grew up in the small town of St George that was located in the outback of Queensland. She has four youngest sisters, and she was brought up to be independent and well-built. Further, she was inspired by her father who was prototypical New Age man. She educates her sisters that they will never to be restricted by their gender. Along with this, father of Katie Page educates them about the bank function. He also ensured Katie Page that she read the business part of the newspaper. Further, it is analyzed that when she was eight, her family moved to Brisbane. In this age, the passion of Katie Page was fuelled for the social equity (Korporaal, 2015). In addition to this, while she studied at the Brisbane State high, then she was represented as "strong, feminist role models". In 1970, employment choices for women were inadequate in the Queensland. Although, Katie Page knows that Queensland is male dominated area but, she has applied to become an evaluator. As a result, she has faced challenge such as distinct norms. But, at the age of 17, she moved to Sydney due to her fathers job. In this Australian city, Katie page has found the job in the pharmaceuticals company. In this job, she takes the experience from their liberal Danish boss. On the other side, Katie Page has a tough network of her friends and business relationships (Page, 2015). Katie Page and her husband are long time friends with the advertising experts John Singleton. They are also close with Chief Rob Ferguson who is earlier bankers trust. She added the Naomi Milgrom, who was working as a teacher in Sydney. They are also a close friend from early 80s. Naomi Migrom is one of the biggest retailers in this country. Further, Katie page is alias as supermodel Elle Macphersons mother because she accomplishes the requirement at the same time (The Australian, 2014). Along with this, Katie page was made the five peoples group including them named Gerry, Naomi, Fran Macpherson, and John Singleton. These members lead Katie page to grow the business. Types of Business of Katie Page and the Competitive Advantage of Business Compared to other Entrepreneurs Harvey Norman is the public company that deals with the franchisor, grants franchises, independent business operators and business owners who retail the different products related to the home and office. It provides different categories of products named Computers Communications, Electrical, Small Appliances, Home Improvements, Flooring, Bedding Manchester, Furniture, Lighting, and Carpet. It commits the quality, value, and service in its retail store and online channel. Harvey Norman is the distinctive company and also operates in the retail and property sector. It also delivers unique products and services such as bedding, electrical, furniture, and computers. It is beneficial to gain competitive advantages as compared to its competitors. Additionally, the internal franchising model is also used by Harvey Norman that helps to gain a competitive advantage in the new marketplace by tapping into local entrepreneurship (Kent, and Leaver, 2014). Katie Page is also passionate to make an effective design for their brands like poliform, and high-end space Furniture Company. It sells high-end Italian designer furniture. Future Suggestion for the Entrepreneur Including Different Types of Businesses or Avenues Katie Page should use the innovative ideas that will help to reduce the companys debt level. Further, she should buy new resources. Katie Page should also make effective bonding with their stakeholders because it enables them to get a lot of opportunities. She has a lot of businesses but she should try to find the something worthwhile investment (Walton, 2013). It should identify the competitors strategy that will assist them to decline the cost and debts and also helps to maximize the profit. The company should not invest in unless activities it will enable them to take long-term advantages. Katie should use the Omni-channel strategy in retail that will aid them to make bright future and also aid them to make the effective position of Harvey Norman successfully. She can also use the multiple distribution strategies in online retailer as well as a physical retailer as it will beneficial to add value to customers. Further, it should sell the product and services through online transactions like smart TVs, smartphone, and computer. She can increase the talented staff member in order to deliver the services. She should also use advanced technology within the retail store in order to prompt delivery of products and services. Along with this, Garry and Katie should work hard within the company as it will be effective to increase in net assets. She can also plan to expand the Harvey Norman retail business in another country such as Malaysia. She should also address the strategic growth opportunities because t will be effective to increase their market share (Schwerdt, 2015). She can also open more retail stores in other countries such as Slovenia and another neighboring country of Europe. Conclusion It is concluded that Katie page operates 277 stores of Harvey Norman in 8 countries. Further, it is stated that its revenue was $4.9 billion and a net profit of $165 million in 2015. It is also summarized that father and friends of Katie Page supported to the development of her entrepreneurial passion. It is also concluded that Katie page operates in different types of business and also deliver unique product and services to customers that help to gain competitive advantages of the business. Further, it is recommended that Katie Page should open more retail stores in other countries like Slovenia and another neighboring country of Europe. References Bruce, M. (2012) Katie Page. [Online]. Available at: https://www.couriermail.com.au/lifestyle/katie-page/story-fn7tqah0-1226239916628 (Accessed: 30 November 2016). Chief Executive Women (2016) Katie Page. [Online]. Available at: https://cew.org.au/members/katie-page/ (Accessed: 30 November 2016). Faul, J. (2016) Harvey Norman is under pressure as consumers increasingly move to online retailers. [Online]. Available at: https://analysisreport.morningstar.com/stock/research/c-report?t=XASX:HVNregion=ausculture=en-CAproductcode=CANcur= (Accessed: 30 November 2016). https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/the-deal-magazine/50-most-powerful-women-in-business-4-katie-page/news-story/286278802b1e16c3b2a71a0b260513d1 (Accessed: 30 November 2016). Kent, M., and Leaver, T. (2014)An Education in Facebook?: Higher Education and the World's Largest Social Network. UK: Routledge. Korporaal, G. (2015) 50 most powerful women in business: 4. Katie Page. [Online]. Available at: Page, K. (2015) Its time for the networks to give womens sport a fair go. [Online]. Available at: https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/rendezview/its-time-for-the-networks-to-give-womens-sport-a-fair-go/news-story/bac4e992220485b82e3a598f8dc7f7ac (Accessed: 30 November 2016). Schwerdt, B. (2015)Secrets of Online Entrepreneurs: How Australia's Online Mavericks, Innovators, and Disruptors Built Their Businesses... And How You Can Too. USA: John Wiley Sons. The Australian (2014) Total success: For business and pleasure, all the Harveys need is love. [Online]. Available at: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/life/total-success-for-business-and-pleasure-all-the-harveys-need-is-love/story-e6frg9zo-1226841082718 (Accessed: 30 November 2016). Walton, W. (2013) Marriage and Revolution: Monsieur and Madame Roland SIN REYNOLDS.Women's History Review,22(6), pp. 1038-1040.

Crew Resource Management free essay sample

In another fifty seconds, the plane was at half its assigned altitude. The CVR recorded the last few moments of conversation between the crew, acknowledging the change in altitude: Stockstill: We did something to the altitude. Loft: What? Stockstill: Were still at 2,000 feet, right? Loft: Hey  Ã¢â‚¬â€ whats happening here? (NTSB, 1973) Official observations find a probable cause of this accident to be the insufficiencies of flight crew to properly monitor flight instruments (especially during the final few minutes of flight). This lead to a failure in detecting the unplanned descent soon enough to prevent controlled flight into terrain. The cause, after thorough official investigation, was due to a burned-out light bulb (i. e. there was no fault with the nose gear position, only an apparent fault). The landing gear could have been manually lowered either way with standard pilot procedures. The captain had the landing gear recycled however, the confirmation light still did not illuminate and this became the driving force of the overpowering distraction within the cockpit. To summarise this synopsis, the crew lost perspective of situation awareness (caused by an apparent fault of the landing gear) to the extent that autopilot de-activation and flight status was not sufficiently recognised nor was it corrected after deviation. The crew, though rightfully working together to fix the malfunction, failed to positively manage the flight as a team and utilise all resources available to meet the higher demands of the flight. The aircraft gradually lost altitude with the pre-occupied flight crew, which did not prioritise the golden rules of the air: Aviate, Navigate, Communicate. In its time the causes of Flight 401 made this accident to be one of the most pivotal wide-bodied, controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) crashes creating the need for real solutions that will prevent such an occurrence. CRM-related issues: According to the National Transport Safety Board, investigations found that the aircraft was free from all mechanical faults, was certified appropriately and deemed applicable to all regulations. This finding automatically thrusts investigations to question the effectiveness (and contribution) of the air crew, and continued to magnify the inevitable occurrences of ‘pilot-error’. Kanki, Helmreich and Anca (2010), resurface the idea that effective CRM does not only optimise the person-machine interface, but goes far beyond and includes interpersonal activities among crew which tends to manifest as positive team-building qualities (this was a strong focus especially in the first generation of CRM). Typical examples certainly include; leadership, team formation and maintenance, decision making, problem-solving and, of course, the maintenance of situation awareness. These few examples are some of the fundaments of crew resource management (from a contemporary view-point) and are factors which often determine the making or breaking of operationally effective CRM. Modern day programmes (particularly airline crew resources management) strongly emphasise the need of such specific qualities investing much resources for the flight crew to recognise and practice these qualities within a cohesive team-environment. A large portion of CRM revolves around maintaining optimum situation awareness for operators. In the cockpit, maintaining high and positive levels of situation awareness (SA) is deemed to be a fundamental yet challenging role for pilots (Garland, Wise Hopkin, 1999). The flight crew in this example predominantly compromised such standards, and according to findings this compromise became one of the primary causes. The official NTSB report states the preoccupation with a malfunction of the nose landing gear position indicating system distracted the crew’s attention from the instruments and allowed the descent to go unnoticed (NTSB, 1973, p. ) The crew exemplified poor situation awareness by initially losing awareness of instrument readings and basic aircraft statuses, which consequently lead to impaired judgement and wrong expectations between the required flight path verses the perceived flight path. It was uncovered by reports that the autopilot had been inadvertently switched from ALTITUDE HOLD to CWS mode in the pitch control. Investigators interpret that the switch in autopilot modes would likely have occurred when Captain Loft turned around to speak to the Second Officer (inadvertently leaning against the yoke). In the CWS mode, any slight forward pressure placed on the yoke would have certainly caused a subtle descent to the flight profile. The false expectation that the instruments were always maintained in the ideal status (or the lack of being aware of current positioning) consequently lead into a downward spiral of other errors including delayed decision-making and poor crew communication- with regards to aircraft heading and altitude. The birth of such errors may have been prevented by the use of appropriate leadership and teamwork skills. Although leadership is not only for the Captain to posses, Loft did not execute the appropriate leadership required for the task at hand. As the report states, Loft instructed First Officer, Stockstill a task which diverted his attention from monitoring the instruments. A more appropriate ‘leadership’ response would be to delegate someone else (or even himself) to take charge of flying the aircraft, and execute usual flight duties such as ‘scanning’ the instruments. The NTSB report concludes the cause of the crash to be solely based on pilot-error. In relation to the causes, it was specifically documented to have been the failure of the flight crew to monitor the flight instruments during the final four minutes of flight, and to detect an unexpected descent soon enough to prevent impact with the ground (NTSB, 1973). In conclusion, with the shortcomings of Eastern Airlines Flight 401 focussed on operator error and more specifically, insufficient levels of situation awareness, crew resource management actively combats such errors (to this day) in attempting to shape sound leadership that strongly emphasises the use of teamwork among crew members. Also as a response, specific training programmes relating to the development of teamwork or CRM techniques are regularly practiced. One key example readily used by airlines is training to encourage genuine assertiveness with the First Officer (behaviour training), and to minimise steep gradient authorities between crew members; between the Captain and First Officer. Such programmes initially consisted of simulated-type training, known as Line-Oriented Flight Training (LOFT). Part of this programme, in first generation CRM, highlights correcting individual behaviours and identifying individual styles. Good practice of teamwork in the cockpit enhances situation awareness as it envelopes the interpersonal activities, as earlier discussed and highlighted by Kanki, Helmreich and Anca (2010). Interpersonal activities are over and above the person-machine interface. This includes and influences the crews decision-making and constructive communication, both of which were not appropriately used in the case of Captain Loft and First Officer Stockstill. Without sound situation awareness, even the best trained crew are susceptible to poor decision making. Garland, Wise Hopkin (1999) predicted improved cockpit designs and implementing enhanced training- programs to be pivotal toward improving situation awareness for all flight crew. Kanki, Helmreich Anca (2010) redefines effective teamwork as a focus on the proper response towards threats to safety, and appropriate management of crew error; which is the very heartbeat of crew resource management and what it attempts to achieve.

The Goal A Process of Ongoing Improvement Essay Sample free essay sample

It is believed that concern universe is continually altering. To get by with the changing and to last the concern competition. The Goal shows how to win works betterment within short period by the Theory of Constraints ( TOC ) . This paper focuses on the betterment procedure the works made and the contents are as follows: ( 1 ) Understanding the company end. ( 2 ) Organizational value index. ( 3 ) Use of the restraint resources. ( 4 ) The Five Stairss of TOC. and ( 5 ) Decision. I. Understanding the company endThe base of the theory of restraints is that about all merchandises and services are created through a series of linked procedures ( Cecil A ; Robert. 2008 ) . Each procedure measure has a specific capacity to bring forth end product or take in input. In every instance. there is at least one process measure that limits throughput for the full concatenation. and this process measure is called the restraint. Increasing the capacity at any other process measure except the restraint will non increase throughput for the full procedure concatenation. Therefore. the theory of restraints is the thought that the system must be seen as a whole. non single procedure. When the system is analyzed as a whole. it is possible to see the effects of the determinations in relation to the end. One illustration was shown by Alex’s account of the installment of automatons in the works. Alex tried to do it clear to Jonah that the automatons were increasing the plant’s productiveness. Even though efficiencies increased by 30 six per centum. what Alex did non acknowledge is that it merely increased in that one country. Jonah explained the addition in production by those automatons was merely lending to construct up more assembled stock list. which moved them off from their end. What is the company’s existent end? It is to do money. Those factors of engineering. quality. the premier cost. market portion. and client satisfaction are merely means to the end. The addition in production meant more money tied up in stock list and less money being spent on betterments to their system. The side consequence of problem-by-problem solutions is that when seen separately. they do non let an organisation to see the effects of their actions. Those who chose to follow TOC get down believing in a new manner that allowed them to see their operations as a system alternatively of single procedures. They used a five-step procedure that allowed them to happen the underlying job in their system. and this will be explained subsequently in this paper. II. Organizational value indexWhether a company’s activities are good or non is evaluated by whether the company earns money. Then. how do we cognize the company is truly gaining money? Merely productiveness and efficiency are non appropriate to explicate company is gaining money. Therefore. three steps – throughput. stock list. and operational disbursal – are used in TOC to explicate the company is truly gaining money ( Goldratt. 2004 ) . Their definitions are as follows: 1. Throughput: the rate at which the system generates money through gross revenues 2. Inventory: all the money that the system has invested in buying things. which it intends to sell. 3. Operational disbursal: all the money the system spends in order to turn stock list into throughput. One thing that we need to look close is those three steps are all measured in dollar sum. In other words. to explicate the company’s end. which is gaining money. TOC defines throughput as money that comes into the system. stock list as money that is locked in the system. and operational disbursal as money that should be paid. Harmonizing to the TOC. a company earns money based on a sale non on a production. The company earns money when the merchandises truly sold to clients. Furthermore. TOC do non see the value added to raw stuff through direct labour as the value of the reserve. Consequently. all employees’ hours. whether they are direct or indirect. and whether they are working hours or resting hours. are considered as operational disbursal. That’s the manner we can show the whole system by these three steps. Here. The Goal explains these three steps by presenting automaton in Alex’s fabrication works. The plant’s throughput was still the same even after the automaton was installed. However. stock lists were kept increasing because of the robot’s high degree of capacity to bring forth merchandises. As a consequence. the sum of delayed goods has been increased quickly. Furthermore. operational disbursal has been increased due to new robot installing. but labour cost remained changeless because no 1 got fired after the automaton was installed. As a consequence. the fabrication works is holding loss because of the automaton. In other words. 30 six per centum addition in productiveness in one section led whole works to loss. Alex should hold see the operational disbursal caused by hive awaying and keeping stock lists. Now. it is clear that works where Alex is working for is merely prosecuting partial efficiency. and workers working without any interruption are really inefficient. The works that achieves both increasing throughput and diminishing stock list and operational disbursal at the same time in whole works position can be genuinely competitory. III.1.III. Use of the restraintsIn general. we call â€Å"a works that is precisely balanced with the market demand with the producible capacity of all materials† as an ideal works. However. two phenomena. which are â€Å"dependent events† and â€Å"statistical fluctuations† . can take the well-balanced works to loss. Dependent events are phenomena that one event must take topographic point in order for the following event to take topographic point. therefore a downstream event is dependent on an upstream event. Statistical fluctuations would be the existent sum of faulty stuffs that pass through a system or the likeliness of a power outage that would discontinue the plant’s operations. Lack of consistence on worker’s operation clip. inferior goods. or machine malfunctioning can do clip fluctuation on each procedure. These issues of dependent events and statistical fluctuations exist independently. but the combination of the two can act upon an orga nization’s systems greatly. This can be explained the undermentioned illustration. A company gets the pressing demand delayed clip bound for bringing. and it should be worked out until 5 o’clock. This merchandise is made through two procedures. one is non-automatic and the other automatic-operated. The necessary production sum is 100 points and they should do them 25 per hr. The job is that there is statistical fluctuation of predating procedure and that the undermentioned procedure depends on the predating procedure. They are expected to bring forth 100 points for four hours. and produced them 19. 21. 28 and 32 per hr in the preceding procedure. However. they produced merely 90 points in the undermentioned procedure because of dependent events. In world. it is non possible to run balanced works between the resource’s capacity and market demand. We should see the restraints holding low possibility as the main direction object. Prior direction should be done to the restraints because the clip lost by handling restraints will be the lost clip in the whole system. It is natural that there are restraints in all system. so we should happen out them and pull off them significantly. In what manner are the restraints used? It is of import inquiry. Harmonizing to the advice of Jonah. there are two solutions: foremost. we should non blow clip on the restraints such as non runing machine during the break clip or blowing clip in doing parts holding defect. Second. we should happen out another method to manage the same procedure such as happening out machine to make the same work as restraints. As a consequence of using the advice of Jonah to the works operation. we can see the alteration. After one month of practising the direction invariably harmonizing to the advice. this works renewed production records. IV. The 5 Stairss of TOCThe theory of restraints holds changeless with the systemic attack in that there is a procedure to be followed in order to happen the underlying job in the system. In The Goal. Alex and his directors determined a five-step procedure that will interrupt the constrictions in a system. Jonah explains the thought of a constriction really clearly ( Goldratt. 2004 ) . â€Å"A constriction is any resource whose capacity is equal to or less than the demand placed upon it. A non-bottleneck is any resource whose capacity is greater than the demand placed upon it. † The five stairss are as follows: Measure 1: Identify the system’s restraints.Measure 2: Exploit the restraint.Measure 3: Subordinate everything to the restraint.Measure 4: Promote the system’s restraints.Measure 5: Find the new restraint and reiterate the stairss.In this works. the NCX-10 and heat dainty machines are considered as restraints. It is the manner to implement Step 1 phase to look at the production procedure with a common sense attack. One manner to happen the restraints is to inquire those who are doing certain that orders or other types of work are completed and delivered on clip. For this type of information. we should look for floor directors and production contrivers. In instance the restraint is a physical restraint. which is straight involved in the production of goods. all of that is true. However. the state of affairs may originate where the restraint is concerned with some policy. doing some jobs to originate exterior of the production mill such as gross revenues. selling. and upp er direction. To place those policy restraints. utilizing the thought procedure is the best manner. The believing procedure can develop a nucleus. or underlying job that is non leting the production procedure to run at its best. In measure 2. one time a restraint is decently identified. we should do every attempt in order to acquire the most use out of the constraint’s capacity. To use the constraint’s capacity every bit much as we can. the theory of restraints Tells us to utilize resources we already have. The point here is to do certain that there is nil barricading the entry of the restraint ; the flow of stuffs must be uninhibited. As Jonah provinces in The Goal. â€Å"any clip in production lost at a constriction is clip lost in production for the full works. non merely in that country of the production process† ( Goldratt. 2004 ) . Because of the nature of the restraints. we can non be able to acquire this clip back. Some sort of buffer demands to be occurred in order to do certain that the constriction does non runs out of stuffs to procedure. Extinguishing waste is another good manner to work a constriction. In The Goal. Alex accomplished extinguishing waste by commanding the quality before the NCX-10 and heat dainty machining procedures. By making this. it eliminated faulty parts from constriction. increasing the capacity of the restraint. which is the end for the 2nd measure. Another illustration of working a constriction can be seen where Alex found his setup workers on the NCW-10 machine were taking a interruption while the machine was shut down to be freshly setup. By leting the workers to take their interruptions merely when the machine apparatus was completed and the machine was running decently. This reduced the downtime of the machine greatly. and hence increased the plant’s throughput by a great trade. Once we exploit the constrictions by increasing capacity of the restraints. we can anticipate throughput will increase greatly. The theory of restraints emphasizes that we must work the restraints in a system ( Goldratt. 2004 ) . Therefore. the end of the measure 3 is to subordinate all other procedures to the restraint. Using the restraints efficaciously is most of import to accomplish the end of measure 3. With all subsystems fulfilling the demands. it will so let the constriction to be exploited decently. At this point. we should cognize that even if we make non-bottlenecks support busy. any work can non be done successfully without working the restraints. Merely busy working with non-bottlenecks will convey merely excess stock lists and eventually interrupt the development of the restraints. As an illustration in The Goal. Alex found out that the non-constraints had about 20 per centum of excess capacity. and he wanted more work being done by non-constraints. He began working on them when he received the orders. As a consequence. the works rapidly turned impossible to command holding a great sum of stock lists. This was brought approximately since the theory of restraints demands that non-bottlenecks have excess capacity in order to cover the capacity of the chief restraints. As another illustration. we can see that the direction squad discovers that the constrictions should regulate the release of stuffs into the production procedure. At last. the squad acknowledges that the ruddy and green ticket system is blockading the flow of stuffs to the constriction and assembly. Therefore. through suitably incorporate procedures. all parts can make assembly at the right clip. As a consequence. it can increase throughput. In measure 4. there are many possible ways to promote the system’s restraints. One of them is to drop some of the work from the constriction and reassign it to another machine or non-bottleneck. In The Goal. the squad was successful increasing the capacity of the two major constrictions. and they are illustrations of physical restraints. As a first illustration. the squad introduces an old machine to offload capacity of NCX-10. which is a physical restraint in Alex’s works. As a consequence. the capacity of the NCX-10 was increased by 18 per centum. Second illustration in the book is that heat handling furnaces were taking excessively long to complete their procedure and they were operated really inefficiently. So. they solved this job by outsourcing this occupation to an outside company. In add-on. there is besides one manner to promote a policy restraint. To promote this restraint. an advanced thought should be created that would alter the manner that the organisation operates. This is accomplished when the works alteration cost accounting into throughput accounting like UniCo did in The Goal. This forth measure can be a small expensive in the physical restraints. but the costs of extra machines will be rapidly offset by the additions in throughput. Contrast to the physical restraint. policy restraints tend to be less expensive. and can take more clip to originate the alteration. Therefore. this measure brings about the consequence that the system makes a comparatively big addition in throughput because of a little lift of the restraints. In measure 5. we should acknowledge that the first proviso is consistent with the theory of restraints in that it is an on-going procedure of betterment. Therefore. we should happen the new restraints and reiterate the stairss. Once a constriction job has been solved. a new constriction is made elsewhere and needs to undergo the same procedure as earlier. So. we should non be satisfied with the new degree of public presentation gained by interrupting a constriction. In all system. there are dependence and fluctuation issues. which distinguish the theory of restraints from many other concern techniques. In item. there are dependent events and statistical fluctuations as I mentioned in this paper earlier. As we know. they exist independently. but their incorporation can act upon the whole organization’s systems greatly. In a additive production state of affairs. we can see the relationship between the dependent events and statistical fluctuations. That is. the more events occur. the more statistical fluctuations will take topographic point. Once these fluctuations are accumulated. they will go factors that can decelerate down many procedures and furthermore a whole plant’s productiveness. Therefore. it is necessary to carefully pull off the events in a procedure. V. ConclusionBy and large. Success of a works relies how an organisation approaches its jobs of the production processes. UniCo. the works in The Goal. was the typical company that consumes more than they need to. After engagement of Alex. who is a works director in UniCo. he started looking at whole things from a systemic point of view. Finally he led the company get down to accomplish existent betterment. He changed his point of views to see things as a whole alternatively of looking at each procedure. Through tests and mistakes in taking the concealed cost of the productions. Alex came to his head that the ultimate end of the company including all procedures focuses on the devising net income. Last. Alex adopted the Five Step Procedure to happen out what do his plant’s production inefficient. He applies those procedures to major two restraints in his system. Once Alex broke those restraints. he found new restraints that limit throughput for an full procedure concatenation. He continued to happen new restraints non merely in his works. but besides within the policies. which governed his organisation. At the terminal. Alex found out that the theory of restraints is about a procedure of ongoing betterment. An organisation can non be satisfied with a new degree of public presentation. but it can carefully pull off the deepened events and statistical fluctuations within its systems through batch size. Through the systemic procedures. we can calculate out what the jobs are and how we can work out it. We should look at state of affairss from wide position as a whole so as to happen out the underlying job. Mentions Cecil. C. B. A ; Robert. B. H. 2008. Introduction to Operations and Supply Chain Management. 2nd erectile dysfunction. Pearson Education. Goldratt. E. M. 2004. Essaies on the Theory of Constraints. Great Barrington. MA: North River Press. ISBN0-88427-159-5 Goldratt. E. M. A ; Cox. J. 2004. The Goal. Great Barrington. Ma: The North River Press.

The Difference between Traditional and High Performance Workplaces

There is a major difference between traditional and high performance workplaces in various ways. Most of the high performance work places have several ways of adapting to the continuous changes in the commerce industry, whereby the traditional workplace ever remain stuck to those challenges. High performance institutions are seriously embedded within the advancement of technology and have been enjoying productive results of this advancement ( Schermerhorn, et al, 2005).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Difference between Traditional and High Performance Workplaces specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The operations of a high performance business are much more effective than that of a traditional organization. The effectiveness is enhanced by quick implementation, application of effective operational models, and effective types of approaches to eliminate stress in the working places and appropriate recruitment proc esses and reliable decisions of placement. Moreover, there are thriving business development practices in high performance organizations. For any organization to manage stress effectively, it should first of all determine its causes. Stress can either be from the working environment or from the other social life. The causes of stress in the working place may be from the employer, employees or from the tasks themselves ( Schermerhorn, et al, 2005). High performance organizations have tools and facilities that can be used to deal with the stressed personnel that the traditional organizations may lack. There is a high possibility of stressed employees in the traditional organizations as they may be taking it as a normal routine for employees. The dynamism of an organization is the rate at which changes are made within the business environment and it mostly depends on the internal factors. If an organization is a high performer, this implies that it has measures of realizing the areas t hat need change, and how to achieve that change. Tools, facilities, labor, and capital to facilitate the process of changing things are available in high performing firms. In traditional organizations, may require some changes but implementation of the process may be a challenge to the management and the organization as a whole (Schermerhorn, et al, 2005). To some of the traditional organizations, it has been realized as a big problem to realize where changes are required and they end up remaining static for a long duration of time. Reference Schermerhorn, et al,. (2005). Organizational Behaviour. New York: Wiley.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on The Difference between Traditional and High Performance Workplaces was written and submitted by user Dangelo Y. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Handmaids Tale Essays (592 words) - The Handmaids Tale, Operas

Handmaid's Tale The Handmaid's Tale In Margaret Atwood's, The Handmaid's Tale, our eyes are open to an oppressive society of which seems to be the near future. Widespread sterility has led to the rich controlling young women of childbearing age, who are called "handmaidens". The tale is narrated by Kate, also known as "Offred", her handmaid name. She relates her struggle throughout in the most vivid of ways. The struggle around her: the oppressive Republic of Gilead, and the struggle within herself: her effort to maintain her sanity. Her narration is tainted with one main motive, which is her relentless pursuit for the past. The way things used to be things that were so basic to her. Moreover, it is her strive to regain the freedom she has been stripped of which guides her. It is her light at the end of a tunnel she has involuntarily been placed. In the republic of Gilead, women are categorized as Wives, Marthas, Aunts and Handmaids. The latter is considered to be the most valuable of their resources, for they are able to bear children. This society uses a systematic approach to produce offspring, in other words, for the republic to grow. The commanders, top- ranking officials of Gilead, are the wives' husbands. Every so often, "ceremonies" are held where the Commander would attempt to impregnate the handmaid. If successful, the child was claimed by the wives as theirs. The handmaid was not more than a means to an end result. Violation of the norms was not tolerated. The punishment in the most cases was death, which also served as an example to the handmaids. Thus conformity with the rules was a necessity to stay alive, something she questioned if it was worth or not. In the end, Kate is accused of attending Jezebel's with the Commander. Jezebel's can be described as a getaway within the republic. A gathering of people who are there to socialize. Something Kate had been deprived from. In the final moments of her tale, as she sees guards come for her arrest (or so she thought) she contemplates suicide as an alternative for her demise. It was an option she highly welcomed for she rather give up her life than her sanity and her freedom. The guards who took her over came in with Nick (the driver), a character who played a positive role in her stay. They hop in the van. Destination: Unknown. In the end, Atwood leaves up in the air the outcome of Kate's removal. More likely than not, it is a positive one hinted by Nick' appearance in the end. Aside from the story one can find the underlying theme to be one that is not defined with one word. It is the idea of us taking such a basic right as freedom, in its many forms, for granted. Many at times, the only time we acknowledge what we have is when it is taken from us. In addition, another thematic issue notable to mention is the classification or categorization of the female gender. In the story, the women carry on a label, which goes in accordance to the roles they play in this fictitious society. We must consider ourselves very fortunate for not living in a real-life Gilead. Nevertheless, the genre of this novel is not fantasy but rather fiction and thus implying this can actually occur. We must then recognize the problems that Atwood was trying to point out. The relationship between Gilead and our society is the fact that gender does play a major factor on the way we are expected to behave. Not drastically, such as in the novel but enough to coerce us to conduct ourselves distinctively and play the assigned role of our gender.

Critical Thinking Class Essay

Critical Thinking Class Essay Free Online Research Papers Every once in a while a class has the opportunity of going on a field trip. A field trip’s purpose is to expand learning that the students are already learning about. A teacher can expand on what the students saw by incorporating new learning into current lesson plans. Upon returning from a field trip, students are usually excited about what has transpired during the trip. Having the students complete a paper, right after returning if time permits, explaining what they thought to be interesting will give them something constructive to do. Also letting the students pick the topic of what they are interested in, will give them an opportunity to explain about something that they paid attention to. According to Smith Kosslyn, the amount of attention given to information when presented is very important (2007). When children are interested in a subject, they are more likely to pay more attention to that information relating to that subject. Getting children outside of the normal classroom environment will also give them an opportunity to become more interested in the information. Letting the students pick a topic they were interested in will give them an opportunity to write about something that they paid attention to. The more attention is given to information, the more memory is stored. Encoding is â€Å"the various processes by which information is transformed into a memory representation† (p.202). Giving students memories on a field trip will help them to â€Å"encode† more information, and therefore create meaningful learning. According to the Center for Advancement in Teaching in order to create long-term memory, a student needs to have a working memory first (Everson Hammer, 2005). Information is brought in by sensory memory that gets transferred to working memory. Then the working memory gradually becomes long-term memory. Periodically, the long-term memory needs to be pulled out into working memory in order for the information to stay as long-term memory (2005). A student’s chance at creating a working memory is increased when they are able to elaborate on what they have learned. Elaboration is when information is interpreted, connected to other information, and then is thought about over and over (Smith Kosslyn, 2007). An article from Barbara Knowlton and Larry Squire raises the question of what kind of memory supports category level knowledge (1993). It seems that category knowledge is entered through sensory memory. The different pieces of information are represented by some form of memory that later becomes long-term memory (Smith Kosslyn, 2007). These representations are gradually turned into categorical knowledge. Every piece of information is put into a category that has similar traits, but not all the same traits (2007). Long-term memory can turn into meaningful learning that can be used to apply in life. By having students elaborate on what they have learned on a field trip, they are using their working memory. The information can be applied to long-term memory by representing a memory. Smith and Kosslyn also talk about strategies that increase meaningful learning. The generation effect is the concept that â€Å"you are more likely to remember the information you retrieve or generate than information that you simply receive† (2007, p.209). Using flashcards is a good example of using the generation effect of remembering information. Having a student generate information through writing an assignment is also a good example. The more a student generates information in the mind, the more they are likely to remember that information. Reference: Barbara J. Knowlton, Larry R. Squire (Dec 10, 1993). The learning of categories: parallel brain systems for item memory and category knowledge. Science, 262, n5140. p.1747(3). Information retrieved December 14, 2008, from Expanded Academic ASAP via Gale: http://find.galegroup.com/itx/start.do?prodId=EAIM. Center for the Advancement of Teaching, Bart Everson, Elliott Hammer, 2005. Information retrieved December 13, 2008 from http://cat.xula.edu/thinker/memory/longterm/. Edward E. Smith, Stephen M. Kosslyn (2007). Cognitive Psychology Mind and Brain. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Research Papers on Critical Thinking EssayDistance Learning Survival GuideStandardized TestingDeveloping a Computer Network for Bead BarThree Concepts of PsychodynamicYear Round SchoolingCo-Educational vs. Single Sex SchoolsThe Mechanics of Grading Grading SystemsExempt vs Non-Exempt EmployeesProbation OfficersEmployment Law Essay

Free Essays on Natural Rights And Herbert Croly

â€Å"They did it, no doubt, in the name of democracy; but of all perverted conceptions of democracy, one of the most perverted and dangerous is that which identifies it exclusively with a system of natural rights† (Croly 81). To Herbert Croly, in his book The Promise of American Life, God or nature cannot secure individual rights. The entire nation, as a whole, must work to make sure that all of the people have equal rights and equal opportunity. The American people’s loyalty to the idea of democracy, as they understand it, cannot be questioned. But what it means to them is more of an idea of popular sovereignty. The will of the people determines what the government should or should not do. For Croly, democracy means much more than just popular sovereignty. Although â€Å"there can be no democracy where the people do not rule,† a â€Å"government by the people is not necessarily democratic† (Croly 179). While individual freedom is important, the whole of a nation must create the future; thus no one person can do it. For this to work there must be equal rights for all individuals. â€Å"A community in which no man or no group of men are granted by law any advantage over their fellow-citizens is the type of the perfect and fruitful democratic state† (Croly 180). The majority of Americans would contend that this arrangement is perfectly fine. Individuals are free to pursue the interests that they want, and all individuals can enjoy any liberties that one person enjoys. Under this arrangement, there should be no room for permanent legal privileges for any class of citizens. Equality is then associated with individual rights, when in reality individual rights do not always mean equality in receiving such rights. The natural rights philosophy clearly won’t work for Croly. God or nature does not give equal rights and equal opportunity to all. Although all are born with the same rights, not all people are born with ways to att... Free Essays on Natural Rights And Herbert Croly Free Essays on Natural Rights And Herbert Croly â€Å"They did it, no doubt, in the name of democracy; but of all perverted conceptions of democracy, one of the most perverted and dangerous is that which identifies it exclusively with a system of natural rights† (Croly 81). To Herbert Croly, in his book The Promise of American Life, God or nature cannot secure individual rights. The entire nation, as a whole, must work to make sure that all of the people have equal rights and equal opportunity. The American people’s loyalty to the idea of democracy, as they understand it, cannot be questioned. But what it means to them is more of an idea of popular sovereignty. The will of the people determines what the government should or should not do. For Croly, democracy means much more than just popular sovereignty. Although â€Å"there can be no democracy where the people do not rule,† a â€Å"government by the people is not necessarily democratic† (Croly 179). While individual freedom is important, the whole of a nation must create the future; thus no one person can do it. For this to work there must be equal rights for all individuals. â€Å"A community in which no man or no group of men are granted by law any advantage over their fellow-citizens is the type of the perfect and fruitful democratic state† (Croly 180). The majority of Americans would contend that this arrangement is perfectly fine. Individuals are free to pursue the interests that they want, and all individuals can enjoy any liberties that one person enjoys. Under this arrangement, there should be no room for permanent legal privileges for any class of citizens. Equality is then associated with individual rights, when in reality individual rights do not always mean equality in receiving such rights. The natural rights philosophy clearly won’t work for Croly. God or nature does not give equal rights and equal opportunity to all. Although all are born with the same rights, not all people are born with ways to att...

14 Resume Strategies for Recent Graduates

14 Resume Strategies for Recent Graduates Writing a resume can be hard even for the most seasoned professional. Writing one to net you your first job out of college can be downright terrifying. Here are 14  tricks you can use to maximize your chances of getting the interview, and getting your career off to a great start. 1. Use a professional email addressIt may have been a great laugh to be longduckdong16@yahoo.com back in the day, but now that you’re entering the adult world, it is high time to consider something a bit more†¦ mature. It might even help to create an address dedicated solely to job searching and your professional life. When in doubt, lastname.firstname or firstinitial.lastname@gmail.com ought to do the trick.2. Link to LinkedInIf you don’t already have a LinkedIn profile, make one. It will be a necessary tool for you now and in the many work years to come. Once you’ve set yourself up nicely, follow the instructions on the site to make a customized link, i.e. www.linkedin.com/in/Yo urNameMBA and include it in your resume. This will be particularly useful if you’re submitting a pdf; the recruiter will only have to click on the link to find your profile.3. Don’t pad it with fluffBS might have worked in your sociology intro class, but a professional hiring manager is going to see right through buzzwords like â€Å"team player† and â€Å"ambitious self-starter.† Try to be a bit more unique in your word choice and show your experience rather than relying on keywords. If your job description is clearly showcasing your teamwork or leadership skills, then you don’t need to oversell the point.4. OptimizeThat said, keywords are an important and useful tool, particularly when your resume might be evaluated online before reaching a sentient human. Rather than just include the usual â€Å"hardworking† and â€Å"strong leader† terms you think you have to include, try using keywords included in the job listing itself. Thatâ₠¬â„¢s a sure fire way to catch a company’s eye. Give them what they’re looking for!5. Leave high school out of itHiring managers are much more interested in your relevant work experience and what sort of work (and grades) you did in college. Also any skills or certifications you may have picked up along the way. Including high school education only makes you look like you’re desperate for filler. When in doubt, leave it out.6. Include your GPAIf your GPA is 3.0 or higher, go ahead and brag about it. And if your GPA within your major is even higher than that, showcase that achievement. They won’t care if you got a C+ in Underwater Basket-weaving. But if you have a 4.0 in Economics, they’ll be sure to pay attention.7. Don’t include your schoolworkWhile your GPA or major can be an asset in your job search, no recruiter really wants to know how you spent your class time (unless you did something really unique and exciting and/or prestigious). Th ey pretty much know what college is about- even specific to your major. Internships are much more relevant and impressive; focus on those.8. Play up your strong pointsIf you have a big internship or some other work experience that’s super impressive, lead with that. If you don’t, it’s okay to lead with other things, such as your grades, your intensive software knowledge, foreign language skills, programming experience, etc. If you have tons of honors but little work experience, you still might have enough oomph to get your foot in the door for an interview.9. Include company descriptionsFor each employer in your work history, include a brief description of the company- particularly if it isn’t a well known brand-name company that people will already be familiar with. Just a sense of the industry, the work done, and the work environment should do it. Keep it brief to maximize space.10. Use bulletsBullet points are an assertive visual way to draw a recruite r’s attention to exactly what you’d like for them to focus on. Go ahead and use this to your advantage. Bonus: you’ll get points for clear and eye-friendly formatting.11. Use action verbsLet your language do the bragging, especially if you don’t have a whole lot of work experience. You can put all the work verbs into sections describing your other experience. We’re thinking: managed, led, supervised, developed, created, built, etc.12. BragGo ahead and include any honors, scholarships, or extracurricular achievements you might have under your belt. Can’t hurt, might help.13. List your relevant skillsRead the job description carefully and multiple times. And be sure to pick out and list all of the skills it says are required for eligibility. Failure to list that you do, in fact, have fluency in that programming language, is your error. The recruiter isn’t responsible for knowing what you assume they should know. Make sure to explicitly list the things they’re looking for as things you can do.14. Don’t include referencesDon’t waste space on the â€Å"References available on request† line. It’s already implied. If they get close enough to hiring you to need them, rest assured that they will ask. You can also include this line in your cover letter instead.Now take a look at TopResume’s infographic showcasing what a perfect resume for recent college graduates would look like:

Methodologies used for determining the sustainability of residential Essay

Methodologies used for determining the sustainability of residential and commericial properties - Essay Example The criteria are the following: Management – provision of a home user guide concerning the operation and environmental performance of the home, a considerate constructors scheme, a commitment on construction site impacts and a security conscious design. For Civil Engineering design and projects, the United Kingdom industry uses the assessment and awards scheme CEEQUAL. Like the the Code for Sustainable Homes, the CEEQUAL also use a points-scoring assessment but instead of 9 criteria, CEEQUAL is made up of 200 exhaustive questions relating to environmental and social impacts of a project including resource usage, ecological impact, waste management, community relations, landscaping and even archaeology. Projects are graded as Pass (>25%), Good (>40%), Very Good (>60%) and Excellent (75%). A CEEQUAL assessment is undertaken by a CEEQUAL-trained project member whose evaluations are checked by a certified CEEQUAL verifier. As with all point-rating system, the assessment can be affected by biases thereby leading to inaccurate points assigned. For example, the criterion MATERIAL in the Code for Sustainable Homes calls for a range of 0.3 to 1.8 points for sourcing building materials responsibly. While there is a technical guidance manual to help the assessor, the points assigned can still be subjective. There is also the question of whether the items such as composting facilities and rain water collection will actually be used. The Code seems to check only for its presence as having a home-user guide seems to be enough to earn points and not its actual application. Essentially, the assessment methods provides no guarantee on the degree of sustainability that could occur. Department for Communities and Local Government, 2006. Code for Sustainable Homes: A step-change in sustainable home building practice.[pdf] West Yorkshire: Department for Communities and Local Government. Available at www.planningportal.gov.uk/uploads/code_for_sust_homes.pdf>

The Themes of The Last Days of Socrates and The Death of Ivan Ilych Essay

The Themes of The Last Days of Socrates and The Death of Ivan Ilych - Essay Example Ivan knew very that he was going to die, and this forced him to re-evaluate his life in a painful manner. Ivan also asked questions and tried to hide whenever deaths, sicknesses and recoveries were mentioned in his presence and more so when the sickness resembled his own. Inevitability of death and immortality of human souls is also evident in ‘The Last Days of Socrates. In the novel, Socrates held a dialogue with Phaedo on the nature of the afterlife. Socrates offered supporting arguments on the reasons as to why soul is immortal. Socrates believed that the soul is made up of basic forms, which are eternal and unchanging and that there was a different between soul and body. He was however executed by poison hemlock an indication that death was inevitable since human bodies are mortal while human souls are immortal. Socrates says ‘...anyone who does not know, and cannot prove that the soul is immortal must be afraid, unless he is a fool’ (Plato 170). From the two s tories, it is quite evident that the acceptance of death, as well as the recognition of the unpredictable nature of life allows room for peace, joy and confidence at the moment of death. The two stories clearly show how the characters understood of the mortality of human bodies and the immortality of human souls. ... The authentic life usually cultivates mutual affirmation of human relationships, which usually break down isolation and give room for interpersonal contact. The artificial life is defined as the depreciation which usually hides the true meaning of life and leaves one terrified of death. The artificial life usually leaves people empty and alone while the authentic life fosters strength through comfort and solidarity through empathy and also creates a bond as it prepares people to meet their death. Gerasim is too confident and not afraid of death and is able to lessen the pain felt by Ivan by sharing with him. Gerasim provides spiritual support to Ivan an indication of authentic life. The virtue of authentic life is evident between Gerasim and Ivan a clear indication that authentic life is the right life. Right life is also evident in ‘The last days of Socrates’. Socrates brings in the theme of right life in the form of justice. In his dialogues, Socrates questions on the meaning of justice and whether the type of justice he went through were the right life. Socrates dialogues, which Euthypho, apology, Crito and Phaedo describes his trial as well as the execution. In his dialogue with Euthypho, Socrates finds it quite surprising on how someone would bring charges against his own father and finds it quite pious to bring charges against someone he loved. In ‘apology’ Socrates defends himself when cross examined by Meletus and said that he was to poor for him to be a sophist or a teacher of rhetoric as charged. He said it was unjust for him to be charged as his accusers were the ones who corrupted the youths and unjustly sentenced him using the laws. In his speech, Socrates said ‘...the jury has hadmany negative opinions from people about me long

Strategy for Mega Bastard Corporation - Bionic Limbs Essay

Strategy for Mega Bastard Corporation - Bionic Limbs - Essay Example How fancy is that? The most important factors to consider in the introduction of bionic limbs is the strategic management variable involved in product and business development. Namely; Market entry, research and development, pricing, designing the product and competition prosthetic limbs producers. MBC will most probably benefit from a market segment of people interested in comic books, superhero movies and video games. The macro environment directly related to competition. DEKA is an example of prosthetic limb maker. They have made progress in making bionic arms, which basically gives MBC the advantage of differentiating their market segment to only limb/ legs bionic material. The market analysis will assume that MBC management has taken care of the approval process through the Food and Drug Administration body. MBC has two choices, either to enter the market or not to enter the bionic market. Now does not enter the bionic limbs market, then their competitors will obviously maintain the status quo and barely change the prices of bionic limbs. However, if MBC enters the market, then its potential competitors will definitely start a price war and that may affect the level of sales of bionic limbs. MBC will obviously be a credible threat to existing competitors in this monopolistic market as noted by Baines & Fill (2014). MBC already has the technology for making the bionic limbs, hence labour cost for the business and product development is greatly minimized and the only challenge will be for the management to identify a profitable market segment for their product. Getting a priced contract with competitors can always help MBC avoid any price wars that may emerge after they introduce their bionic limb. This is basically done by MBC paying a premium to a specific competitor and in exchange, the competition won’t start a price war against MBC. For MBC to effectively market the bionic limb, the product must be FDA approved in order to gain considerable favour even in the ‘villain’ market segment.  Ã‚  

Against Solar Energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Against Solar Energy - Essay Example Solar energy is harnessed light and, heat from the sun converted in electricity. It has a wide range of uses e.g. heating of water, producing electricity, heating and lighting in buildings, industrial and commercial uses etc. But it also has an opposite side. Some people may say that it is the most effective compared to other types of energy because the light and heat are natural. However, they forget that solar energy is derived from sun. This means that without the sun, no energy can be available. Making of photovoltaic panels there are chemicals used. These chemicals are elements that are harmful to the environment. â€Å"Cadmium† and â€Å"Arsenic† harmful to the environment and can bring bad side effects to people. They require good disposal to avoid pollution of the environment. Solar energy system plants need a lot of space that could otherwise be used for other things. The area needed needs to be free from all sorts of objects that can obstruct light rays. This shows that it can be problematic to people who have small compounds especially the ones who live in cities. It leads to depletion of animal habitats. It is also true to say that production of solar energy is dependent. The operation and effectiveness of solar cells depends on a balanced mixture of some compounds. This mixture harness light energy and then takes it to another contact that works electrically. More so, the life span of organic solar cells in very short. It can only stay for only 5 years in commercial applications.

The Cult of Celebrity - Heroes & Celebrity Assignment

The Cult of Celebrity - Heroes & Celebrity - Assignment Example Whether it be a hero or a celebrity, each possesses the ability to draw intense loyalty from those who feel they are deserving of it. In most cases, celebrities garner far greater attention through media coverage but as is the case with heroes, each through action is taken, have the chance to make an impact on those around them. The similarity between celebrities and heroes would be the faithfulness they would draw from the general populous. A stark contrast between the two would be the underlying presence of garnering fame and attention, that many of those people labeled celebrities, seek to bring to themselves. For those in more of a hero position, they often times tend to do that which they do, from a standpoint of doing whats right versus whats wrong, instead of doing what may be socially acceptable and something that would give them great fame and power. In regards to an example of heroes, one that would come to mind, would be the men and women of the military that day in and day out, place themselves in harm's way for the greater good of all men. They seek to do so to assist others and not so that they'd be able to bring undue attention to themselves. With regards to the world of celebrity, those examples would include George Clooney and Julia Roberts. Individuals that place themselves in the public ey e and are attention grabbers. The individuals who grace the covers of magazines and newspaper advertisements. Especially in the era after September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks in New York City, when millions were left scared and bewildered, the need for heroes became far greater than it had beforehand. The need to have those individuals that seek to fight and defeat any foe that may cross their path. Whether it be a physical opponent or an inanimate object, a hero is someone that many seek refuge with when it comes to regaining a sense of security and normalcy.

Food Crisis Essay Example for Free

Food Crisis Essay According to World Bank, they blame that the food crisis in Africa are causing by trade barrier. A lot of countries in Africa are restricted importing food from the border. Due to unfertilized land in a lot of parts in Africa, it causes people to discourage to be a farmer, so the food supply is less. However, African population is increasing rapidly. Therefore, the demand for food will just keep increasing. As a result, the demand for food would exceed supply for food in Africa. Before I move on to the next examples, I need to explain about the result of the demand exceed supply. Identical products around the world should fix in the law of one price, which mean that the identical products should sell at the same price around the world. This is because if it is not the same price, the country that sell high price would go to buy the low price product from another country and sell it to their country. Therefore, the country that sell product for low price with get a result in increasing demand which result in increasing in price. The supply for the high price product will be more because people import to sell in country, which result in decreasing in price. At the result, both countries will sell product at the same price. This will cause the exporter by the rest of the world need to sell the product at the same price (world price). Therefore, we can draw it in the graph as vertical lines while the supply in the country as an upward-sloping and the demand is downward-sloping, but food is necessary product, so the line should be more inelastic. Now we can plot all of this in to a graph, and a graph will look like this. The import is horizontal because of the world price, so they need to supply at this price. As you can see from the graph, the import is restrict at only the small amount according to Africa, only 5 percent of the food import, which resulting in demand exceeding supply, so we can apply this to the food crisis by trade restriction. Therefore, the price of food is increasing because there is high demand for food than supply in Africa, while the farmer is not encouraging by the government because only a little profit goes to them even though the price is high due to the government policy, so he Africa people suffer from hunger due to the unaffordable price of food. Not only Africa that face food crisis, but also the world is suffered during 2008. According to Europe, they claim that the world food crisis is because the trade restriction of many countries in the world such as Argentina, Russia, Japan and South Korea. These trade restrictions cause the price of food in the world to increase. People cannot afford the high price. Thus, the food crisis occurs and suffers many countries around the world. Food crisis occur in the country may lead to other problem. For example, the protest in Egypt also cause by raising cost of food in the country because of trade restriction. In long term solution to solve food crisis should be that the government should not intervene food price because food is necessary product; they choose restrict on the unnecessary product such as cigarette or alcohol instead. 20 million people in Africa are suffering from hunger nowadays due to this food crisis causing by trade restriction.

The Journey From Education To Unemployment

The Journey From Education To Unemployment EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The jobs-skills mismatch in the country has been in existence since 1965. It was observed by experts following an imbalance of manpower training and manpower need (Bernardino, 1965, pp 3-4) and a great number of unemployed with college degrees (Limcaco, 1965, p. 8). It was reiterated in the 1970 report of the PresidentiaCommission to Survey Philippine Education (PCSPE) that found a mismatch between students college courses and the training required by the world of work (Santamaria, 1979). The prevalent mismatch between the educational system and the employment sector is a continuing concern in the country. The conduct of the National Manpower Summit and National Human Resource Conference in 2006 and 2007 respectively, which were spearheaded by DOLE and attended by various stakeholders, identified the gaps between supply of the labor workforce and market demand. These yielded several recommendations. Through personal interviews with the top management of various stakeholders such as DOLE, ECOP, TESDA, PMAP and other companies and employers, the team was able to gather comparative data to reinforce the presence of the mismatch. The facts are supported by figures in the websites. The study recognizes that the aggregate supply of graduates is greater than the market demand thereby resulting to unemployment or underemployment. This is where the mismatch occurs. The study identified three levels of mismatch: 1) on the number of graduates vs. the number of jobs available; 2) on the quality of graduates vs. industry expectations; and 3) on the skills acquired vs. skills required. The jobs-skills mismatch is greatly influenced by the macro environmental factors, namely; social, political, economic and technological. Included among the Social factors are high population growth and an increasing incidence of poverty. This high population growth cancels out the effect of economic growth particularly the creation of jobs to absorb the excess labor supply. As regards political factors, there is no central organization that brings all the stakeholders (Employers, Employees, Sector groups, NGOs etc.) under one umbrella to make sure that all the stakeholders work together. Also, there is a lack of government program to inform the potential workforce on the requirements of the market (i.e. what courses to take, what skills are needed, etc.). On economic factors, higher levels of sustained economic growth is needed to reduce the unemployment and underemployment rate. And finally, technological factors, educational institutions should acquire modern advanced technology t o match the requirements of the rapidly changing and the emerging industries. This paper proposes short and long term possible solutions to address the mismatch. Some of these recommendations are the conduct of National conference involving employer groups such as ECOP and PCCI as well as captains of industries to draw up one united and uniform comprehensive plan; creation of Human Resource Development; Partnership between education institutions and industries; and creation of National Curriculum Research Institute that will constantly study and review current curricula, develop and recommend revisions among others. In the evaluation of the education institutions and the industries, there is a significant mismatch between what the institutions produce and what the market demands. The jobs-skills mismatch is a major contributing factor in the unemployment rate in the country. Hence, addressing mismatch could remarkably decrease unemployment rate. More active participation and stricter intervention of the government is needed to address the mismatch problem in the country. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY This study seeks to: Examine the system of supply and demand of the labor workforce in the country; Identify the causes and effects of the jobs-skills mismatch; and Come up with recommendations in filing the gap between the supply and demand. SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY The scope of this study is limited to the mismatch in the Philippines job market. It focuses on the mismatch between the number of graduates in each course and the number of vacancies in each industry in the country. For the purpose of this study, let us clearly define that the skill acquired is the vocational course or college while the skill required is the job vacancy. METHODOLOGY The sources of information of the study are composed of two methods the primary and the secondary method. For the primary method, the team conducted interviews with the different key personalities of various stakeholders, i.e. Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE), the Employers Confederation of the Philippines (ECOP) and Peoples Marketing Association of the Philippines (PMAP). The team used the same set of questions to test if the interviews will yield similar findings. For the secondary method, the team used company manuals, statistics and data gathered from the internet and other studies previously conducted by different individuals and groups on jobs-skills mismatch. DETAILED REPORT INTRODUCTION The jobs-skills mismatch in the country has been in existence since 1965. It was observed by experts following an imbalance of manpower training and manpower need (Bernardino, 1965, pp 3-4) and a great number of unemployed with college degrees (Limcaco, 1965, p. 8). It was reiterated in the 1970 report of the PresidentiaCommission to Survey Philippine Education (PCSPE) that found a mismatch between students college courses and the training required by the world of work (Santamaria, 1979). The conduct of the National Manpower Summit in 2006 and 2007 initiated by DOLE identified the gaps and made several recommendations. Government restructuring or the creation of a single government agency to address employment concerns is one of the common solutions recommended by various employment stakeholders. It is supported by the study of TESDA in their papers Skills development and recognition in Asia and the Pacific. An HRD Central Agency will be established to develop policies and programs for the establishment of a strong HRD sector in the government. According to the paper of Andrew Gonzales entitled Higher Education, Brain Drain and Overseas employment in the Philippines-Toward a differetiated set of solution, the Philippine case of mismatch between the manpower needs of the country and the output of the higher education system is an example of interlocking conflicts. Data show concrete indication of the gap between our educational system and the employment sectors. In 2010 alone, only 82% of the new graduates are new hires, 18.5% of the college graduates are among the unemployed and as of 2010, the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) identified 54, 417 job vacancies. One of the notable causes of mismatch is the lack of infomration by families and individuals in the labor market requirements. Because of this, institutions may have provided the graduates the skills that are not necessarily required by the market. MAJOR STAKEHOLDERS EMPLOYERS CONFEDERATION OF THE PHILIPPINES (ECOP) The Employers Confederation of the Philippines (ECOP) is the single voice for the entire business community in the country on important national issues related to employment, industrial relations, labor issues and related social policies. ECOP was born on September 10, 1975. Before ECOP, the business sector and employers in the country were represented by two major business organizations, namely: the Chamber of Commerce of the Philippines (CCP); and the Philippine Chamber of Industries (PCI). The creation of ECOP made tripartism a reality, with the Trade Union Congress of the Philippines (TUCP) representing a labor sector, and the Department of Labor and Employment and the other agencies as the state instrumentality. On May 1, 1978, the government through Presidential Letter of Instruction (LOI) 688 recognized ECOP as the single voice of employers, to be consulted by the government, together with labor, in the promulgation of a scheme which would promote and sustain an adequacy machinery for cooperation between labor and management at approapriate levels of the enterprise. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT (DOLE) The Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) started as a small bureau in 1908. It became a department on December 8, 1933 with the passage of Act 4121. The DOLE is the national government agency mandated to formulate and implement policies and programs, and serve as the policy-advisory arm of the Executive Branch in the field of labor and employment. It consists of the Office of the Secretary, 7 bureaus, 6 services, 16 regional offices, 12 attached agencies and 38 overseas offices with a full manpower complement of 9,806. It operates on a current budget of Php 6.618 B and ranks 14th out of 21 departments. The vision and mission are consistent with the Platform and Policy Pronouncements on Labor and Employment of President Benigno S. Aquino IIIs administration, herein referred to as the 22-Point Labor and Employment Agenda, the DOLE is the lead agency mandated to develop the competencies and competitiveness of Filipino workers, to deliver employment facilitation services for full and decent employment, and to promote industrial peace based on social justice. It serves more than 38.51 million workers comprising the countrys labor force , including the 3.62 million temporary migrants working in about 215 destinations worldwide . The DOLE clients include trade unions, workers organizations and employers and/or employers groups (i.e., ECOP, chambers of commerce and industries, TUCP, FFW, etc). There are 123 existing Tripartite Industrial Peace Councils or TIPCs (13 regional, 44 provincial, and 66 city/municipal) and 128 existing Industry Tripartite Councils (46 regional, 48 provincial and 34 city/municipal) serving as mechanisms for social dialogue in addressing labor and employment issues. The DOLE also maintains linkages with non-government organizations (NGOs), government agencies, the academe, partner international organizations (e.g., ILO, IOM, IMO, UNDP, UNICEF), and with the international community, particularly the host countries where our OFWs are based. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION (DepEd) Education in the Philippines has undergone several stages of development from the pre-Spanish times to the present. In meeting the needs of the society, education serves as focus of emphases/priorities of the leadership at certain periods/epochs in our national struggle as a race. The DepEd was transformed from the former Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) to the Department of Education (DepEd) and redefining the role of field offices (regional offices, division offices, district offices and schools). RA 9155 provides the overall framework for (i) school head empowerment by strengthening their leadership roles and (ii) school-based management within the context of transparency and local accountability. The goal of basic education is to provide the school age population and young adults with skills, knowledge, and values to become caring, self-reliant, productive and patriotic citizens. COMMISSION ON HIGHER EDUCATION (CHED) The CHED was created on May 18, 1994 as an attached agency to the Office of the President for administrative purposes. The creation of CHED was part of a broad agenda of reforms on the countrys education system outlined by the Congressional Commission on Education (EDCOM) in 1992. Part of the reforms was the trifocalization of the education sector into three governing bodies. The CHED for tertiary and graduate education, the DepEd for basic education and the TESDA for technical-vocational and middle level education. TECHNICAL EDUCATION AND SKILLS DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (TESDA) The Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) was established through the enactment of Republic Act No. 7796 otherwise known as the Technical Education and Skills Development Act of 1994, which was signed into law by President Fidel V. Ramos on August 25, 1994. This Act aims to encourage the full participation of and mobilize the industry, labor, local government units and technical-vocational institutions in the skills development of the countrys human resources. The merging of the National Manpower and Youth Council (NMYC) of the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE). The Bureau of Technical and Vocational Education (BTVE) of the Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS), and The Apprenticeship Program of the Bureau of Local Employment (BLE) of the DOLE gave birth to TESDA. The fusion of the above offices was one of the key recommendations of the 1991 Report of the Congressional Commission on Education, which undertook a national review of the state of Philippine education and manpower development. It was meant to reduce overlapping in skills development activities initiated by various public and private sector agencies, and to provide national directions for the countrys technical-vocational education and training (TVET) system. Hence, a major thrust of TESDA is the formulation of a comprehensive development plan for middle-level manpower based on the National Technical Education and Skills Development Plan. This plan shall provide for a reformed industry-based training program that includes apprenticeship, dual training system and other similar schemes. TESDA is mandated to: Integrate, coordinate and monitor skills development programs; Restructure efforts to promote and develop middle-level manpower; Approve skills standards and tests; Develop an accreditation system for institutions involved in middle-level manpower development; Fund programs and projects for technical education and skills development; and Assist trainers training programs. At the same time, TESDA is expected to: Devolve training functions to local governments; Reform the apprenticeship program; Involve industry/employers in skills training; Formulate a skills development plan; Develop and administer training incentives; Organize skills competitions; and Manage skills development funds. Overall, TESDA formulates manpower and skills plans, sets appropriate skills standards and tests, coordinates and monitors manpower policies and programs, and provides policy directions and guidelines for resource allocation for the TVET institutions in both the private and public sectors. Today, TESDA has evolved into an organization that is responsive, effective and efficient in delivering myriad services to its clients. To accomplish its multi-pronged mission, the TESDA Board has been formulating strategies and programs geared towards yielding the highest impact on manpower development in various areas, industry sectors and institutions. PEOPLE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION OF THE PHILIPPINES (PMAP) PMAP is strictly profesional, non-stock, not for profit organization of over 1,800 member companies and individual management executives engaged or interested in Human Resource Management and IR works. UNIVERSAL ACCESS OF COMPETITIVENESS AND TRADE (UACT) U-ACT is a private sector-led, non-stock, non-profit, advocacy and research think-tank, affiliated with the PCCI primarily focused on issues relating to trade policy making, trade negotiations and agreements, economic, sectoral and human resource competitiveness. U-ACT is the driver of private sector in the conduct of trade policy and economic competitiveness activities by, analyzing trade policies and agreements, championing institutional reforms, and developing strategic interventions for economic, industry, and economic reforms and adjustment measures. Through established linkages with industry, government and the academe, U-ACT is able to provide the policy and operational support to bring forth measures that enhances the competitiveness of local production networks resulting to economic reforms that will enable global market access of Philippine goods and services. It also provides the structure to develop information and monitoring systems and capacity-building for trade negotiations, making private sector a better-informed group and take advantage of opportunities from trade liberalization. U-ACT is an independent think tank providing proactive, credible, balanced economic and trade competitiveness advocacy, research and training services to Philippine private sector. PHILIPPINE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES (PCCI) The Chamber movement in the Philippines has been in a constant state of evolution for over a century. One can say that the eminent position now being enjoyed by the Philippine Chamber of Commerce and Industry (PCCI) in the business community traces its raison d etre from a history interwoven into our nations own history of economic, political and social upheavals. The roots of the Chamber Movement can be traced to the 1890s with the formation of the Camara de Comercio de Filipinas. This organization was composed mainly of Spanish companies such as the Compania General de Tobacco de Filipinas, the Fabrica de Cervesa San Miguel and Elizalde Y Cia, among others. This was followed by the creation of the Chamber of Commerce of the Philippines (CCP) in 1903, shortly after the countrys turnover to the United States. The rise of industries in the 1950s created the need for several industry groups to organize an association that would represent their interests and concerns amid the changing panorama of the economy. Thus, the Philippine Chamber of Industry (PCI) was formed. In July 1978, the Chamber of Commerce of the Philippines (CCP) and the Philippine Chamber of Industry (PCI) merged to give birth to a single, unified private sector organization called the PHILIPPINE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY (PCCI). That same year, by virtue of Letter of Instruction no. 780, then President Ferdinand E. Marcos recognized the Philippine Chamber of Commerce and Industry as the sole official representative and voice of the entire private business community. MACRO ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS Social Factors attributing to mismatch High population growth and increasing incidence of poverty are some of the main factors for the mismatch in job market. The problem is aggravated when the rate of economic growth is less than the rate of population growth. High population growth led to repeated pregnancy which lowers the women participation in labor force. Higher number of children in a family with low-income level makes it difficult for the family to send all the children for higher education. Less dense populated provinces dont have good schools which results in less skilled workforce. Political Factors attributing to mismatch There is no central organization which brings all the stakeholders (Employers, Employees, Sector groups, NGOs etc.) under one umbrella and makes sure that all the stakeholders work together, are heard and have ownership. Also, there is a lack of government program to inform the potential workforce on the requirements of the market (i.e. what courses to take, what skills are needed, etc.) Labor code and existing work-related laws have not been reassessed and reviewed to adapt to the changing times. Government spending on Education is increasing (Annexure-Chart1) but major portion (approx 89%) of that goes to the maintenance of DepEd, wages etc. There is only small portion left for the improvement of infrastructure of existing schools or opening new schools. Economic Factors attributing to mismatch According to ECOP, the reduction of chronic unemployment and under- employment is not possible without higher levels of sustained growth. For families with low-income it is very difficult to send their children to attend costly courses. Further, low income individuals consider the duration of course as a major factor in the decision making as he cant afford to spend couple of years without any income. To ensure quality of learning, the quality of teaching must be met. Due to low salary, teachers of high quality choose to work abroad for higher salary. With low-quality of teachers one cannot produce quality workforce with proper skill set. Chronic unemployment and jobless growth also add to the problem of mismatch. Source: ECOP Problem of shrinking/stagnant formal sector and expanding informal sector must be addressed in order to tackle the mismatch problem. Source: ECOP Technological Factors attributing to mismatch In a fast changing world where technology and required skill-sets are changing very rapidly, it is very difficult for the schools and training institutes to match the requirement of the employers because they do not possess the modern advanced technology and the cost to invest in new technology infrastructure. Also sometimes the improvement in technology or processes in an organization led to reduction in the workforce. SUPPLY The Educational Institutes: To effectively fulfill the current and future needs of the economy, human resources must be competitive and must possess updated skills. Qualified skilled human resources must be available at the right place, at right time and at the right quantity and quality to meet the changing demands of the economy. Major Supply issues in Philippines are: Jobsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ skills mismatch English, Communication and Information Technology (IT) Skills Gap Brain drain Over supply of Nurses Supply of Skilled Workers Supply of Professionals Deparment of labour and empolyment had publised below Statistics vide its publication Labour Market monitor: For period 3rd Quarter of 2010, the cumulative total of professionals registered with the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) stood at 3,090,120. The top professions consisted of the following: By specific occupation, the top ten occupations in terms of the average number of registered applicants consisted of the following, accounting for more than three fourths (38.7%) of the total registrants during the reference period: DEMAND The Employers: Major Demand issues are: Retaining the best talents Medical tourism to generate employment for nurses Positioning The Philippines as a Creative Hub As shown in the table below are the average numbers of occupational vacancy available with the percentage share: The GAP between Demand and Supply: According to DOLE, the following are the in demand and hard to fill occupations in key employment generators from 2010 to 2015: INDUSTRY IN-DEMAND HARD-TO-FILL 1. AGRIBUSINESS Animal Husbandry, Agriculture, Economist, Aqua-culturist, coconut farmer, entomologist (plant), farmer (fruit, vegetable and root crops Feed Processor and Food Technician, Fishery technologist 2. CYBER SERVICES 3. HEALTH AND WELLNESS Nurse, Horologist, Optician, Optometrist Doctor, Physical Therapist, Pharmacist, Medical Technologist, Laboratory Technician 4. HOTEL AND RESTAURANT TOURISM Front Office Agent / Attendant, Baker /Food server /Waiter/Other House keeping Cook 5. MINING Geologist, Mining Engineer, Geodetic Engineer, Metallurgical Engineer 6. CONSTRUCTION Fabricator/Pipe Fitter/Welder Engineer (Civil, Electrical, Design) 7. BANKING AND FINANCE Operations Manager/Teller Accounting Clerks, Book Keepers, Auditors 8. MANUFACTURING Electrical, Technicians, Food technologist, Machine Operators, Sewers Chemist, Electrical engineer, Industrial engineer, IT specialist, machinist, Mechanical engineers, Mechanical Technicians, Chemical engineer 9. OWNERSHIP DWELLINGS AND REAL STATE Building Manager, Construction Manager, Construction worker, foreman, Mason, welder, real estate agents/brokers, Marketer Civil engineer, Mechanical engineer, Surveyor, Architect 10. TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS Checker, Maintenance mechanics, Stewards Gantry operator, Ground engineer, Heavy equipment operator, Long haul driver, operator, Pilot, Transport and Logistics Machinery, operator, aircraft mechanic and other related skills. Broadly, the DOLE survey defined hardà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ toà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ fill occupations as job vacancies for which an establishment has encountered difficulties in managing the recruitment process. Reasons may include no applicants, applicants lack of experience, skill or license, preference for working abroad, seeking higher salary or problem with location and other reasons. The inà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ demand occupations refer to active occupations/job vacancies posted/advertised recurrently by and across industries/establishments. DEMAND versus SUPPLY: 1. Agriculture and Fishery Sector Inà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ demand occupations with limited supply of certified workers are horticulturists and fisherman. 2. Cyber services Shortages of supply are seen in animators (clean up artists, 3D animators, multimedia artist among others) .This scenario on animators is attributed to the continuous flight of workers to overseas (Singapore, Australia, US etc.) 3. Health and Wellness Nurses are shifting careers to become call centers agents because of the difficulty in finding jobs abroad, particularly in the United States, which has recently imposed visa restrictions. The United States will be more open to nurses because of its new law on expanded insurance coverage, which will drive the health care industry to create job opportunities for health workers like nurses. 4. Mining The mining industry is currently showing potential for job opportunities. This sector requires intervention, particularly in the academic and technical areas. This is evident as hardà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ toà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ fill occupations for the sector is mostly professional. These include geologist, mining engineer, geodetic engineer, and metallurgical engineer. 5. Construction The sectors inà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ demand occupations include fabricator, pipe fitter and welder. These welders are Shielded Metal Arc Welder (SMAW), Gas Metal Arc Welder (GMAW) and Gas Tungsten Arc Welder/TIG Welder (GTAW). However, very limited supply is seen in Submerged Arc Welder (SAW), Gas Oxyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Acetylene Welder, and Flux Cored Arc Welder. 6. Banking and Finance Under the sector of Health, Social and other Community Services is Banking and Finance. This sector listed inà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ demand and hardà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ toà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ fill occupations from the professional group. Among the inà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ demand occupations are operations manager and tellers which are graduates of Banking and Finance or Business Management courses. Hardà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ toà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ fill occupations include accounting clerks, bookkeepers, cashier, auditor, accountant, credit card analyst, finance analyst/specialist and risk management officer/manager. 7. Manufacturing The manufacturing sector includes critical skills such as machine operators, lathe operators, bench workers/fitters, technicians, machinists, sewers, and tailors among others. Machine Operator (Press worker) also an inà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ demand occupation has no available manpower supply. 8. Dwellings and Real Estate The sector identified building manager, construction manager, construction worker, foreman, mason, welder and real estate agents/broker as inà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ demand occupations. Professional occupations such as civil engineer, mechanical engineer, surveyor and architect are among the hardà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ to fill occupations for the sector. 9. Transport and Logistics The transport and logistics sectors which cut across construction and mining industries identified checker, maintenance mechanics and stewardess as inà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ demand occupations. Maintenance mechanics with occupational title such as automotive senior technician, automotive air-conditioning technician, automotive electrician, and automotive LPGà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ fuel technician among others have very limited supply of 21 certified workers. 10. Wholesale and Retail Trade The wholesale and retail trade industry continues to thrive in the country as general economic outlook improves and consumer spending rises. As more wholesale and retail enterprises are established, more job opportunities are provided. Problem arising due to mismatch Skill mismatch makes labor market inefficient and imperfect. Job hiring and seeking become expensive. Many vacancies and job openings remain opened. This results in increased unemployment and also hampers the growth of business and the economy of the country. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS CONCLUSIONS In the evaluation of the education institutions and the industries, there is a significant mismatch between what the institutions produce and what the market demands. The jobs-skills mismatch is a major contributing factor in the unemployment rate in the country. Hence, addressing mismatch could remarkably decrease unemployment rate. One of the causes of the mismatch is the lack of coordination between educational institutions and industry leaders. As a result, institutions produce more graduates that are not needed in the market. The setting up of a department that would link the education institutions to the industry could be a big step in addressing the mismatch. However, mismatch does not only happen when the labor workforce acquire skills that are not required by the market. Mismatch also occurs in the quality of skills that the graduates acquired vis a vis the demand of the industries. Graduates dont usually possess other skills that industries require interpersonal, communication, and leadership. More active participation and stricter intervention of the government is needed to address the mismatch problem in the country. The intention is simply to make the equation EDUCATION = EMPLOYMENT works. RECOMMENDATIONS After a careful review and analysis of available data, the team came up with the following recommendations: Short Term: In the short term, separate existing initiatives done in the area of addressing the mismatch by public as well as private entities can be consolidated with government taking the lead by way of bringing together various agencies like the Department of Education (DEPED), the Commission on Higher Education (CHED), the Department of Labor in Industry (DOLE), the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) to spearhead a national conference involving employer groups such as ECOP and PCCI as well as captains of industries to draw up one united and uniform comprehensive plan. Long term: 1) A Department of Human Resource Development shall be established. This department will ensure linkage between the education and labor sectors. It shall formulate, among others, an employment plan which will serve as a guide for the education sector on what skills to produce to match the skills required by the industries. 2) Establishment of a central accreditation or re